Neuroepigenetics and addictive behaviors: Where do we stand?
Fiche publication
Date publication
novembre 2019
Journal
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
Auteurs
Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Dr BEFORT Katia
Tous les auteurs :
De Sa Nogueira D, Merienne K, Befort K
Lien Pubmed
Résumé
Substance use disorders involve long-term changes in the brain that lead to compulsive drug seeking, craving, and a high probability of relapse. Recent findings have highlighted the role of epigenetic regulations in controlling chromatin access and regulation of gene expression following exposure to drugs of abuse. In the present review, we focus on data investigating genome-wide epigenetic modifications in the brain of addicted patients or in rodent models exposed to drugs of abuse, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with transcriptional studies. We highlight critical factors for epigenomic studies in addiction. We discuss new findings related to psychostimulants, alcohol, opiate, nicotine and cannabinoids. We examine the possible transmission of these changes across generations. We highlight developing tools, specifically those that allow investigation of structural reorganization of the chromatin. These have the potential to increase our understanding of alteration of chromatin architecture at gene regulatory regions. Neuroepigenetic mechanisms involved in addictive behaviors could explain persistent phenotypic effects of drugs and, in particular, vulnerability to relapse.
Mots clés
Addiction, Brain, Neuroepigenetics, RNA-seq, Transcriptomics
Référence
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 11;106:58-72