DNA and RNA Pyrimidine Nucleobase Alkylation at the Carbon-5 Position.
Fiche publication
Date publication
janvier 2016
Journal
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
Auteurs
Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Pr MOTORINE Iouri
Tous les auteurs :
Motorin Y, Seidu-Larry S, Helm M
Lien Pubmed
Résumé
The carbon 5 of pyrimidine nucleobases is a privileged position in terms of nucleoside modification in both DNA and RNA. The simplest modification of uridine at this position is methylation leading to thymine. Thymine is an integral part of the standard nucleobase repertoire of DNA that is synthesized at the nucleotide level. However, it also occurs in RNA, where it is synthesized posttranscriptionally at the polynucleotide level. The cytidine analogue 5-methylcytidine also occurs in both DNA and RNA, but is introduced at the polynucleotide level in both cases. The same applies to a plethora of additional derivatives found in nature, resulting either from a direct modification of the 5-position by electrophiles or by further derivatization of the 5-methylpyrimidines. Here, we review the structural diversity of these modified bases, the variety of cofactors that serve as carbon donors, and the common principles shared by enzymatic mechanisms generating them.
Mots clés
Alkylation, genetics, Carbon, chemistry, Cytidine, analogs & derivatives, DNA, chemistry, DNA Methylation, genetics, Molecular Structure, Pyrimidine Nucleosides, chemistry, RNA, chemistry, Thymidylate Synthase, chemistry, Uridine, chemistry
Référence
Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.. 2016 ;945:19-33