Prospective phase II study of prophylactic low-dose azacitidine and donor lymphocyte infusions following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Fiche publication
Date publication
mai 2019
Journal
Bone marrow transplantation
Auteurs
Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Pr RUBIO Marie Thérèse
Tous les auteurs :
Guillaume T, Malard F, Magro L, Labopin M, Tabrizi R, Borel C, Chevallier P, Vigouroux S, Peterlin P, Garnier A, Rubio MT, Huynh A, Milpied N, Moreau P, Gaugler B, Yakoub-Agha I, Mohty M
Lien Pubmed
Résumé
Thirty patients, with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 20) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 10), were enrolled in a phase II trial entailing prophylactic post-transplant azacitidine (AZA) plus escalated doses of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). The median number of AZA cycles was 5 (1-12) with 10 patients (33%) completing the 12 projected cycles. DLI were performed in 17 patients: 5 received one DLI, 2 received 2 DLI and 8 received 3 infusions. AZA was well tolerated, but discontinued in 20 patients primarily due to graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and relapse. The cumulative incidence (CI) of grade 1-3 acute GvHD was 31.5% and the chronic GvHD CI was 53% at 2 years. At a median follow-up of 49 months (27-63), 18 patients are alive. The overall and disease-free survivals are 65.5% (CI 95% = 48.2-82.8) at 2 years. Cause of death was mainly relapse for 9 patients. The median time to relapse was 7 months (2.5-58) and the cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years was 27.6% (CI 95% = 12.8-44.6). These results confirm that AZA is well tolerated as a prophylactic treatment to reduce the risk of post-transplantation relapse and compared favorably to those of patients who receive no post-transplant maintenance.
Mots clés
azacitidine, donor lymphocyte infusion, relapse prevention
Référence
Bone Marrow Transplant.. 2019 May 14;: