Emerging hepatitis E virus compared with hepatitis A virus: A new sanitary challenge.
Fiche publication
Date publication
août 2019
Journal
Reviews in medical virology
Auteurs
Membres identifiés du Cancéropôle Est :
Pr BRONOWICKI Jean-Pierre
Tous les auteurs :
Hartard C, Gantzer C, Bronowicki JP, Schvoerer E
Lien Pubmed
Résumé
Hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses are able to cause liver disease in humans. Among the five classical hepatotropic viruses, they are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Historically, many similarities have thus been described between them according to their incidence and their pathogenicity, especially in countries with poor sanitary conditions. However, recent advances have provided new insights, and the gap is widening between them. Indeed, while HAV infection incidence tends to decrease in developed countries along with public health improvement, HEV is currently considered as an underdiagnosed emerging pathogen. HEV autochthonous infections are increasingly observed and are mainly associated with zoonotic transmissions. Extra hepatic signs resulting in neurological or renal impairments have also been reported for HEV, as well as a chronic carrier state in immunocompromised patients, arguing in favor of differential pathogenesis between those two viruses. Recent molecular tools have allowed studies of viral genome variability and investigation of links between viral plasticity and clinical evolution. The identification of key functional mutations in viral genomes may improve the knowledge of their clinical impact and is analyzed in depth in the present review.
Mots clés
clinical relevance, genetic variability, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus
Référence
Rev. Med. Virol.. 2019 Aug 27;:e2078